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time-limited activity

Толкование Перевод

1 time-limited activity

деятельность, ограниченная во времени

Politics english-russian dictionary > time-limited activity
2 activity

n

1) часто pl активность, деятельность; действия, операции ( в определенной области)

2) хозяйственная деятельность, производственная деятельность

3) pl показатели ( в экономических исследованиях)

•

to abandon political activities altogether — полностью отказываться от политической деятельности

to accuse smb of subversive activities — обвинять кого-л. в подрывной деятельности

to ban all political activities — запрещать любую политическую деятельность

to bar smb from political activities — запрещать кому-л. заниматься политической деятельностью

to be engaged in an activities — заниматься какой-л. деятельностью

to be involved in an activities — участвовать в какой-л. деятельности

to boost a country's economic activity — стимулировать экономическую деятельность страны

to break off an activities — прекращать какую-л. деятельность

to carry out activities — осуществлять какую-л. деятельность

to check smb's hostile activities — пресекать чьи-л. враждебные действия

to coordinate smb's activities — координировать чью-л. деятельность / чьи-л. действия

to combine smb's activities — объединять чьи-л. действия

to conceal one's activities — скрывать свою деятельность

to conduct an activities — заниматься какой-л. деятельностью

to cover up smb's war time activities — прикрывать чью-л. деятельность во время войны

to curb illegal activities — пресекать незаконную деятельность

to cut down on one's spying activities — сокращать свою разведывательную деятельность

to dampen activity — снижать активность

to display activity — проявлять активность

to disrupt activities — мешать деятельности

to eliminate hostile activities — пресекать враждебные проявления

to engage in an activities — заниматься какой-л. деятельностью

to enhance social activity of the young people — повышать социальную активность молодежи

to examine activities — изучать / исследовать деятельность

to expand activities — расширять рамки деятельности

to expel smb for activities incompatible with his diplomatic status — выдворять кого-л. за деятельность, несовместимую с его дипломатическим статусом

to facilitate operational activities — способствовать / помогать оперативной деятельности

to finance new activities — финансировать новые виды деятельности

to focus activities on / upon smth — сосредоточить деятельность на чем-л.

to halt all military activities against smb — прекращать все военные действия против кого-л.

to initiate trading activities — начинать торговую деятельность

to intensify activities — усиливать / повышать активность

to limit smb's activities — ограничивать чью-л. деятельность / чьи-л. действия

to make a contribution to smb's activities — вносить вклад в чью-л. деятельность

to make up for the decline of economic activities — компенсировать спад экономической деятельности

to monitor smb's activities — следить за чьей-л. деятельностью

to mount intensive sabotage activity — развертывать активную диверсионную деятельность

to paralyze smb's activities — парализовать чью-л. деятельность

to participate in an activities — участвовать в какой-л. деятельности

to permit normal market activities — разрешать нормальную рыночную деятельность

to put a stop to smb's criminal activities — пресекать чью-л. преступную деятельность, положить конец чьим-л. преступным действиям

to refrain from political activities — воздерживаться от политической деятельности

to repress activities — подавлять деятельность

to restrain / to restrict smb's activities — ограничивать чью-л. деятельность

to resume one's activities — возобновлять свою деятельность

to review the activities — делать обзор деятельности

to set off a flurry of intense negotiation activity — давать толчок лихорадочной переговорной деятельности

to show activity — проявлять активность

to step up one's activities — повышать свою активность; активизировать / усиливать свою деятельность

to stimulate activity — стимулировать активность

to stir to activity — активизировать

to streamline the activities — рационализировать деятельность

to supervise and guide the activities — осуществлять контроль и руководство за деятельностью

to surpass the activities — подавлять деятельность

to take part in an activity — принимать участие в какой-л. деятельности

to terminate an activities — прекращать какую-л. деятельность

to uncover enemy's activities — разоблачать вражескую деятельность

to undertake activities — осуществлять деятельность, предпринимать действия

to widen the range of activities — расширять масштаб / поле деятельности

to withdraw from activities — прекращать деятельность

- abolition of military activities
- activity in the market
- activity incompatible with one's diplomatic status
- activity inconsistent with one's diplomatic status
- activity on the international scene
- activities against smb / smth
- advisory activity
- aggregate activities
- aggressive activity
- ancillary activities
- anti-democratic activities
- anti-government activities
- anti-militarist activities
- anti-national activities
- anti-popular activities
- anti-state activities
- area of activity
- backstage activities
- back-stairs activities
- banned activities
- basic activities
- behind-the-scenes activities
- black market activities
- business activity
- civil activity
- clandestine activities
- commercial activities
- competitive activity
- conspiratorial activity
- constant activity
- continuing activity
- continuous activity
- coordination of activities
- counterespionage activities
- covert activities
- criminal activities
- cultural activities
- current activities
- curtailing of military activities
- day-to-day activity
- decline in business activity
- defense activity
- defense industry activity
- defense-generated economic activity
- detraction and pollution of nature through the activities of man
- development activities
- diplomatic activity
- domestic activity
- dominant activity
- duplication of activities
- economic activity
- environmental activity
- escalation of terrorist activities
- espionage activities
- exposure of unlawful activities
- extension of IRA activity to Europe
- factional activities
- family planning activities
- field activities
- field of activity

- financial activities
- flurry of diplomatic activities
- follow-up activity
- forecasting activity
- foreign economic activities
- foreign policy activities
- fruitful activity
- full activity
- generalization of the activities
- global activities
- government activities
- government research activities
- growing activity
- guerilla activity
- heightened activity
- high priority activities
- hostile activities
- human rights activity
- humanitarian activities
- ideological activities
- illegal activities
- illicit activity
- industrial activity
- ineffective activities
- information activities
- intellectual activities
- intelligence activities
- intensification of activity
- intensive activity
- interconnected activities
- international activities
- investment activities
- involvement in espionage activities for a country
- know-how activity
- labor activities
- legislative activity
- leisure activity
- leisure-time activity
- level of activities
- long-term activity
- manifestation of activities
- mass communication activities
- military activities
- multifaceted activity
- nationalist activities
- nonmarket activities
- nonprofit activities
- nuclear related activities
- operational activities
- opposition activity
- organizational activities
- parliamentary activities
- peaceful activities
- permitted activities
- political activity
- practical activity
- primary activity
- priority activities
- pro-American activities
- production activity
- productive activity
- professional activity
- profit-making activity
- profit-seeking activity
- program activities
- prohibited activities
- project activities
- promotional activities
- propaganda activities
- provocative activities
- public activities
- public relations activities
- R & D activities
- range of activity
- rebel activities
- recurring activities
- regular government activities
- relaxation of political activities
- renewed activity
- research activities
- research and development activities
- Resistance activities
- revival of activities
- revolutionary activities
- sabotage activities
- scientific activities
- scope of activities
- seat of activities
- secessionist activities
- secondary activities
- service activities
- set of activities
- social and political activity
- space activities
- spate of terrorist activity
- special activities
- speculative activities
- sphere of activity

- spying activity
- statistical data processing activities
- subsequent activity
- subversive activities
- subversive and terrorist activities
- supporting activity
- tactical activities
- take-over activity
- technical assistance activities
- terrorist activities
- time-limited activity
- trading activities
- treatment of economic activity
- undercover activities
- underground activities
- underhand activities
- uninterrupted activity
- union activities
- verification activities
- vigorous activity
- volume of activity
- wartime activities
- work activities
- world business activities

Politics english-russian dictionary > activity
3 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
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the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
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Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
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Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
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Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
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Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
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Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
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Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
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provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
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not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
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an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
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an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
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further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
4 program

1) программа

а) план действий; график

б) последовательность действий, выполняемых компьютером для достижения определённой цели

в) описание выполняемых компьютером действий на языке программирования или в машинном коде

г) вещательная программа

д) программа радио- или телевизионных передач

е) список номеров и исполнителей представления

2) разрабатывать программу; планировать; составлять график

3) вчт программировать

а) составлять программу

б) вводить информацию в ППЗУ

•

- program for integrated shipboard electronics
- absolute program
- accounting program
- activity program
- activity-based program
- add-in program
- AI program
- antivirus program
- application program
- artificial intellect program
- assembler program
- assembly program
- author program
- authoring program
- authorized program
- autostart program
- background program
- batch program
- batch circuit design program
- benchmark program
- blue-ribbon program
- bootstrap program
- brain-damaged program
- brittle program
- broadcast program
- broadcasting program
- broken program
- brute-force program
- byte-code program
- cache program
- CAD program
- calendar program
- CGI program
- channel program
- character-based program
- check program
- checking program
- chip planning program
- closed program
- command control program
- command-driven program
- commercial program
- communications program
- compiler program
- compiling program
- compressor program
- computer program
- computer-aided design program
- control program
- consulting program
- conversational program
- copy program
- core program
- coresident programs

- crafty program
- cuspy program
- data acquisition program
- debugging program
- decision program
- default output program
- despooling program
- diagnostic program
- dialer program
- dictionary program
- distance-learning program
- dongle-protected program
- draw program
- drawing program
- drill-and-practice program
- dummy program
- edit program
- electronic circuit analysis program

- entertainment program
- event-driven program
- executable program
- execute-only program
- executive program
- fax program
- fetch program
- file handling program
- file management program
- flamage-generating program
- flexible program
- floating-point program
- foreground program
- form letter program
- froggy program
- function program
- generalized program
- goal-driven program
- graphics program
- grundy program
- hard disk backup program
- hardware program
- hard-wired program
- helper program
- heuristic program
- high-end program
- high frequency active auroral research program
- inference program
- information program
- install program
- input/output program
- input/output limited program
- interactive program
- interpretive program
- LAN backup program
- language translator program
- LAN-ignorant program
- LAN memory management program
- layout-versus-layout program
- learning program
- library program
- linear program
- looping program
- macro program
- mailing list program
- mail-merging program
- main program
- main-line program
- master program
- memory management program
- memory resident program
- menu-driven program
- merge-print program
- MIDI program
- monitor program
- music program
- native program
- network control program
- object program
- one-shot program
- overlay program
- packaged programs
- page composition program
- page layout program
- page makeup program
- paint program
- paintbrush program
- painting program
- peripheral limited program
- personal computer LAN program

- pilot program
- piped program
- plugged program
- postmortem program
- preemptible program
- preemptive program
- presentation graphics program
- primary control program

- problem program
- program-aid program
- project management program
- quiz program
- radio program
- RAM-resident program
- record-oriented database management program
- reenterable program
- relocatable program
- remote control program
- reusable program
- robot program
- robust program
- routing program
- security program
- self-replicating program
- sequence checking program
- service program
- setup program
- simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis
- simulator program
- snapshot program
- snapshot trace program
- sort program
- sort/merge program
- source program
- spelling-check program
- spreadsheet program
- stand-alone program
- star program
- supervisor program
- supervisory program
- support program
- sustaining program
- symbol manipulation program
- symbolic math program
- system program
- table-oriented database management program
- tailor-made program
- target program
- task interrupt control program
- television program
- terminal interface program
- test program
- thesaurus program
- time-sharing program
- tracing program
- transient program
- transistor analysis program
- trojan-horse program
- tutorial program
- UNIX-to-UNIX copy program

- unsupported program
- user program
- utility program
- vector-to-raster conversion program
- videotape program
- Windows program
- word processing program

English-Russian electronics dictionary > program
5 program

1) программа

а) план действий; график

б) последовательность действий, выполняемых компьютером для достижения определённой цели

в) описание выполняемых компьютером действий на языке программирования или в машинном коде

г) вещательная программа

д) программа радио- или телевизионных передач

е) список номеров и исполнителей представления

2) разрабатывать программу; планировать; составлять график

3) вчт. программировать

а) составлять программу

б) вводить информацию в ППЗУ

•

- absolute program
- accounting program
- activity program
- activity-based program
- add-in program
- AI program
- antivirus program
- application program
- artificial intellect program
- assembler program
- assembly program
- author program
- authoring program
- authorized program
- autostart program
- background program
- batch circuit design program
- batch program
- benchmark program
- blue-ribbon program
- bootstrap program
- brain-damaged program
- brittle program
- broadcast program
- broadcasting program
- broken program
- brute-force program
- byte-code program
- cache program
- CAD program
- calendar program
- CGI program
- channel program
- character-based program
- check program
- checking program
- chip planning program
- closed program
- command control program
- command-driven program
- commercial program
- communications program
- compiler program
- compiling program
- compressor program
- computer program
- computer-aided design program
- consulting program
- control program
- conversational program
- copy program
- core program
- coresident programs
- crafty program
- cuspy program
- data acquisition program
- debugging program
- decision program
- default output program
- despooling program
- diagnostic program
- dialer program
- dictionary program
- distance-learning program
- dongle-protected program
- draw program
- drawing program
- drill-and-practice program
- dummy program
- edit program
- electronic circuit analysis program
- entertainment program
- event-driven program
- executable program
- execute-only program
- executive program
- fax program
- fetch program
- file handling program
- file management program
- flamage-generating program
- flexible program
- floating-point program
- foreground program
- form letter program
- froggy program
- function program
- generalized program
- goal-driven program
- graphics program
- grundy program
- hard disk backup program
- hardware program
- hard-wired program
- helper program
- heuristic program
- high frequency active auroral research program
- high-end program
- inference program
- information program
- input/output limited program
- input/output program
- install program
- interactive program
- interpretive program
- LAN backup program
- LAN memory management program
- language translator program
- LAN-ignorant program
- layout-versus-layout program
- learning program
- library program
- linear program
- looping program
- macro program
- mailing list program
- mail-merging program
- main program
- main-line program
- master program
- memory management program
- memory resident program
- menu-driven program
- merge-print program
- MIDI program
- monitor program
- music program
- native program
- network control program
- object program
- one-shot program
- overlay program
- packaged programs
- page composition program
- page layout program
- page makeup program
- paint program
- paintbrush program
- painting program
- peripheral limited program
- personal computer LAN program
- pilot program
- piped program
- plugged program
- postmortem program
- preemptible program
- preemptive program
- presentation graphics program
- primary control program
- problem program
- program for integrated shipboard electronics
- program-aid program
- project management program
- quiz program
- radio program
- RAM-resident program
- record-oriented database management program
- reenterable program
- relocatable program
- remote control program
- reusable program
- robot program
- robust program
- routing program
- security program
- self-replicating program
- sequence checking program
- service program
- setup program
- simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis
- simulator program
- snapshot program
- snapshot trace program
- sort program
- sort/merge program
- source program
- spelling-check program
- spreadsheet program
- stand-alone program
- star program
- supervisor program
- supervisory program
- support program
- sustaining program
- symbol manipulation program
- symbolic math program
- system program
- table-oriented database management program
- tailor-made program
- target program
- task interrupt control program
- television program
- terminal interface program
- test program
- thesaurus program
- time-sharing program
- tracing program
- transient program
- transistor analysis program
- trojan-horse program
- tutorial program
- UNIX-to-UNIX copy program
- unsupported program
- user program
- utility program
- vector-to-raster conversion program
- videotape program
- Windows program
- word processing program

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > program
6 system

1) система || системный

2) вычислительная система

3) вчт операционная система; программа-супервизор

4) система уравнений

5) вчт большая программа

6) метод; способ; алгоритм

•

system halted — "система остановлена" ( экранное сообщение об остановке компьютера при наличии серьёзной ошибки)

- system for event evaluation and review

- system for interactive design

- system of demand equations

- system of units

- system on glass

- 2-2-4 system

- 4-2-4 system

- 4-4-4 system

- absolutely centralized computer system

- access control list system

- accounting system

- Accutrack 400 system

- action logic system

- action-translation system

- active array antenna system

- active night-vision system

- activity-based costing system

- adaptive control system

- adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

- ADE system

- adjoint system

- aerial system

- aerospace support system

- AEW system

- AGS system

- airborne early-warning system

- airborne warning and control system

- airborne weather radar system

- aircraft collision avoidance system

- airfield communication system

- air-traffic control system

- air-traffic control radar-beacon system

- airways environmental radar information system

- alignment-and-exposure system

- all-weather guidance system

- all-weather landing system

- alpha system

- alpha reinforcement system

- alternation-product block-cipher system

- analog protection system

- Andrew file system

- antenna-ground system

- antishock system

- antiskip system

- applet file system

- application control and management system

- application development system

- Armstrong frequency-modulation system

- ASR system

- asymmetric cryptographic system

- asynchronous address communication system

- asynchronous-multiplex system

- ATC system

- attached processor system

- attended system

- A-type Dolby system

- A-type professional Dolby system

- audio system

- audio noise-reduction Dolby system

- audiovisual system

- author system

- authoring system

- automated design engineering system

- automated vision system

- automatic coding system

- automatic computer-controlled electronic scanning system

- automatic control system

- automatic data processing system

- automatic degaussing system

- automatic degaussing control system

- automatic digital encoding system

- automatic gain stabilization system

- automatic intercept system

- automatic noise-reduction system

- automatic program search system

- automatic programmable logic array synthesis system

- automatic radio direction-finding system

- automatic speech-recognition system

- automatic stabilization and control system

- automatic tape calibration system

- automatic-telephone system

- automatic test system

- automatic tuning system

- automatic vacuum deposition system

- automobile navigation system

- autonomous system

- avionics system

- aware system

- balance-line system

- ballistic-missile early-warning system

- band-limited system

- bandwidth compression system

- BAR system

- bare-bones system

- base station system

- baseband radar system

- basic input/output system

- batch-processing system

- Batten system

- BCF system

- beam-current feedback system

- beam-forming system

- beam-guidance system

- beam-rider control system

- beep-only system

- beep-plus-voice system

- billing system

- binary system

- binary number system

- bit-serial system

- blind approach beacon system

- bridge duplex system

- broadcast television system

- B-type Dolby system

- B-type simplified Dolby system

- building-block CAD system

- built-in expert system

- bus system

- business information system

- cable distribution system

- cable modem termination system

- CACE system

- CAD system

- CADIC system

- CAE system

- call queuing system

- calorimeter system

- carrier system

- carrier-communication system

- carrier-telegraph system

- case-based expert system

- CATV system

- CD-4 system

- celestial coordinate system

- celestial guidance system

- cellular radio system

- central-battery system

- central-control system

- central nervous system

- centralized automatic trouble-location system

- centralized computer system

- CF system

- CGS system

- CGS electromagnetic system

- CGS electrostatic system

- chaff communication system

- Chain Home radar system

- chain rdr system

- chaotic system

- chirp radar system

- CH radar system

- ciphertext autokey system

- Civis system

- classifier system

- closed bus system

- closed-circuit television system

- closed-cycle control system

- closed-loop control system

- closed-loop servo system

- cloud and collision warning system

- clutter rejection system

- CMY system

- CMYK system

- coarse-fine system

- code addressed system

- coherent carriers system

- coherent spread-spectrum system

- collision avoidance system

- color management system

- COM system

- command system

- command and control system

- command-driven system

- command guidance system

- command-line operating system

- common system

- common carrier system

- common Internet file system

- common timing system

- communication system

- communications and tracking system

- communications switching system

- community antenna television system

- compact-disk file system

- compatible color television system

- compatible single-sideband system

- compatible stereo system

- compatible stereo-quadraphonic record system

- compatible time-sharing system

- complete residue system

- complex system

- composite guidance system

- compound interferometer system

- computer system

- computer-aided control engineering system

- computer-aided design and test system

- computer-aided engineering system

- computer-aided IC design system

- computer-aided retrieval system

- computer-aided voice wiring system

- computer-assisted radar display system

- computer-augmented oscilloscope system

- computer-based expert system

- computer-based photoelectric-counting system

- computer-controlled system

- computer-controlled electron-beam system

- computer-controlled recording system

- computer output microfilm system

- computer process control system

- computer vision system

- computing system

- configurable system

- configurable business system

- connected-speech recognition system

- connectionist system

- conservative system

- constant-frequency variable-dot system

- content scrambling system

- continuous presence system

- continuous-wave tracking system

- control system

- conversational system

- conversational program system

- Cook system

- cooling system

- cooperative system

- coordinate system

- copy generation management system

- correlated orientation tracking and range system

- correlation tracking system

- correlation tracking and triangulation system

- cotar system

- cotat system

- countermeasure system

- CPsystem

- crossband system

- crossbar system

- cross-development system

- crossed-coincident microphone system

- cryptographic system

- crystal system

- CSR system

- C-type Dolby system

- cubic crystal system

- current awareness system

- customer information control system

- data system

- data-acquisition system

- data-banking system

- database management system

- database management system for workgroups

- data-collection system

- data collection and reduction system

- data communication system

- data-compression system

- data-gathering system

- data-handling system

- data management system

- data-processing system

- data reduction system

- data-retrieval system

- data-transmission system

- dc diode sputtering system

- dc self-synchronous system

- dc triode sputter deposition system

- DDC system

- decentralized computer system

- decimal system

- decimal number system

- decision support system

- dedicated system

- deep submicron system

- defense message system

- descriptor-based protection system

- DEW system

- df antenna system

- diagnostic information system

- dial telephone switching system

- differential duplex system

- differential global positioning system

- Diffie-Hellman system

- digital system

- digital access and cross-connect system

- digital cellular system

- digital cellular system 1800 MHz

- digital data-handling system

- digital link management system

- digital private network signaling system

- Digital Research disk operating system

- digital switching system

- digital television system

- digital voice communication system

- direct-challenge system

- direct-dialing telephone system

- direct-digital control system

- direct-feedback system

- direct program search system

- direction-finder antenna system

- directory assistance system

- direct-sequence system

- direct-spread system

- disaster tolerant disk system

- discrete-address beacon system

- discrete-addressed beacon system

- discrete dynamic system

- discrete-parameter system

- discrete sound system

- discriminating-call system

- discriminating-ring system

- disk operating system

- disperse system

- display system

- dissipative system

- distant early-warning system

- distributed system

- distributed control system

- distributed data base management system

- distributed file system

- distributed information processing system

- distributed-parameter system

- distributed-processing system

- distributed software system

- document preparation system

- document viewing system

- Dolby system

- Dolby A system

- Dolby AC-3 system

- Dolby B system

- Dolby C system

- Dolby Digital system

- Dolby Headroom Extension Pro system

- Dolby HX Pro system

- Dolby Noise Reduction system

- Dolby NR system

- Dolby S system

- Dolby Spectral system

- Dolby Surround system

- Dolby Surround Pro-Logic system

- domain name system

- domestic satellite communication system

- Doppler inertial system

- dot-sequential system

- dot-sequential color-television system

- double capstan system

- dp system

- DS system

- dual fail-safe system

- duplex system

- duplicated system

- dynamic system

- early-warning system

- Earth-satellite-Earth communication system

- Edison power distribution system

- educational expert system

- effective technical and human implementation of computer-based systems

- eight-track cartridge system

- electromechanically driven projection system

- electron beam deflection system

- electron-beam exposure system

- electronic countermeasures system

- electronic data-processing system

- electronic document management system

- electronic funds transfer system

- electronic guidance system

- electronic identification system

- electronic mail system

- electronic meeting system

- electronic performance support system

- electronic-scanning system

- electronic scanning radar system

- electronic switching system

- electronic tracking system

- electron-optical system

- electrooptic light-modulation system

- e-mail system

- embedded system

- emergent system

- end system

- enhanced digital access communications system

- enhanced total access communication system

- enterprise system

- enterprise network management system

- entry-level system

- EOLM system

- equatorial satellite communication system

- equatorial-orbit satellite communication system

- equilibrium system

- equivalent four-wire system

- error-correcting reinforcement system

- error-correcting telegraph system

- error-detecting and feedback system

- European communications satellite system

- European fixed service satellite system

- European radio messaging system

- Eurovision system

- evolutionary stable system

- executive system

- executive information system

- expert system

- extended file system-2

- extra bass system

- extraterrestrial reconnaissance system

- Fabry-Perot mirror system

- facsimile system

- fail-safe system

- fail-soft system

- failure resistant disk system

- failure tolerant disk system

- FAT16 file system

- FAT32 file system

- fault resilient system

- FDM system

- FEC system

- federated system

- feed system

- feedback-control system

- feed-forward system

- fiber-optics system

- fiber optics transmission system

- field system

- field-sequential system

- field-sequential color television system

- field skip system

- file system

- file-control system

- file-oriented system

- film-based projection system

- financial expert system

- first generation wireless system

- fixed-point system

- fixer system

- flat file system

- flexible manufacturing system

- floating-point system

- forced-air cooling system

- forward error control system

- forward-loop system

- four-channel sound system

- four-level system

- fractal information system

- frame-alignment system

- freeway surveillance and control system

- frequency-carrier system

- frequency-division multiplex system

- frequency-hopping system

- frequency-reuse satellite system

- fuel-cell system

- full field system

- future public land mobile telephone system

- fuzzy system

- fuzzy control system

- fuzzy expert system

- fuzzy logic expert system

- 3Gwireless system

- gamma system

- gamma reinforcement system

- gate-array CAD system

- Gauss system

- generalized information system

- general-purpose display system

- geographical information system

- geolocation system

- Giorgi system

- global system

- global system for mobile communication

- global communication system

- global navigation satellite system

- global positioning system

- global telecommunication system

- global time-synchronization system

- graphical kernel system

- ground system

- ground-based scanning antenna system

- ground-control system

- ground-controlled approach system

- ground electrooptical deep-space surveillance system

- ground guidance system

- ground information processing system

- ground instrumentation system

- ground proximity warning system

- group decision support system

- group support system

- guidance system

- H-system

- h-system

- Hamiltonian system

- hard system

- hardware system

- Hartree system

- heat-seeking system

- helium refrigeration system

- heterogeneous agent system

- heuristic-based expert system

- hexagonal crystal system

- hierarchical database management system

- hierarchical file system

- hierarchical recognition system

- high-accuracy data transmission system

- high-density modem system

- high performance file system

- highway system

- HLS system

- holographic ice surveying system

- holographic recording and readout system

- home audio system

- homer system

- homing system

- horn-lens system

- host-based system

- HSB system

- HSV system

- hung system

- hybrid computer system

- hydrogen-air/lead battery hybrid system

- hyperbolic guidance system

- hyperbolic navigation system

- hyperbolic radar system

- hypertext authoring systems

- identification system

- image-forming system

- image information system

- image-processing system

- independent system

- inertial system

- inertial control system

- inertial instrument system

- inertial navigation system

- inertial space reference system

- infinite-dimensional system

- infinitely-fast control system

- information system

- information and control system

- information exchange system

- information-feedback system

- information management system

- information-retrieval system

- infrared heat-seeking system

- infrared search track system

- input/output control system

- inquiry and communications system

- installable file system

- instant program locating system

- instrument-landing system

- insulation system

- integrated antenna system

- intelligence system

- intelligent knowledge-base system

- interactive system

- interactive application system

- interactive design system

- interactive graphics system

- interactive pattern analysis and classification system

- interactive software system

- interactive voice system

- intercarrier sound system

- inter-city telecommunications system

- intercommunication system

- interconnection system

- interference position monitoring system

- intermediate system

- intermediate system to intermediate system

- intermittent control system

- internetwork operating system

- inter-organization system

- interphone system

- interplanetary radar system

- interpretating system

- interrupt system

- Intervision system

- intranet-extranet system

- intrusion detection system

- inverted spin system

- ionoscatter system

- isolated-word recognition system

- isometric crystal system

- isotropic system

- iterated function system

- iterative product-cipher system

- Japanese cellular system

- Java operation system

- J-carrier system

- job entry system

- joint surveillance system

- joint tactical information distribution system

- Ksystem

- K-carrier system

- keyboard-to-disk system

- keyboard-to-tape system

- knowledge system

- knowledge base system

- knowledge-based system

- knowledge-based decision support system

- knowledge-based management system

- Kolmogorov system

- Lsystem

- L*a*b* system

- laminar navigation anticollision system

- laminar air navigation anticollision system

- land mobile radio system

- laser communication system

- laser-deflection system

- laser inertial navigation system

- laser tracking system

- lasing system

- L-carrier system

- LCH system

- learning control system

- left-handed system

- left-handed coordinate system

- legacy system

- lenticular-screen projection system

- life support system

- lightning protective system

- lightwave system

- Lindenmayer system

- linear system

- linear-classifier system

- linear feedback control system

- line-of-sight system

- line-sequential system

- line-sequential color television system

- lithography system

- local area augmentation system

- local battery system

- logical input/output control system

- log-structured file system

- long base-line system

- longitudinal video recording system

- long-range-accuracy radio system

- long-range search system

- Lorenz instrumental landing system

- Lotka-Volterra system

- lossless system

- lossy system

- loudspeaker system

- low-altitude detection system

- lumped-parameter system

- LVR system

- Macintosh file system

- MADA system

- maglev system

- magnetic-levitation system

- mail abuse prevention system

- major-deflection electromagnetic system

- malfunction detection system

- management information system

- management intellectual system

- man-computer system

- man-machine system

- man-machine control system

- manned control system

- manufacturing execution system

- many-level system

- many-energy-level system

- many-particle system

- marketing information system

- maser communication system

- Massachusetts general hospital utility multiprogramming system

- mass-storage system

- master/slave computer system

- matrix sound system

- mature system

- mechanical display system

- mechanical television system

- medical expert system

- message-composition system

- message handling system

- message-rate system

- message-switched communication system

- meta class system

- meta-information system

- metallization system

- meteor-burst communication system

- meteor-scatter-system

- metric system

- microcomputer system

- microcomputer-development system

- microelectromechanical system

- microelectronic system

- microprocessor-based spatial-locating system

- microprocessor-controlled system

- microprocessor delay system

- microprocessor development system

- Microsoft disk operating system

- microwave-beam power-transfer system

- microwave-hologram recording system

- microwave landing system

- microwave relay system

- middle-side system

- military expert system

- military information system

- MIMO system

- minicomputer system

- MKS system

- MKS rationalized system

- mobile telephone system

- mode-converting system

- model-based expert system

- model reference adaptive system

- modular system

- modular breadboarding system

- monitor system

- monoclinic crystal system

- monopulse tracking system

- M-S stereo system

- multi-address asynchronous communication system

- multiagent computer system

- multichannel microwave distribution system

- multicomputer system

- multienergy-level system

- multiline digital voice-response system

- multimedia authoring systems

- multiple-access discrete-address system

- multiple-input multiple-output system

- multiple-processor system

- multiple user system

- multiplex system

- multiplexed information and computing system

- multiplicative array antenna system

- multipoint video distribution system

- multipole system

- multiprocessing system

- multiprocessor system

- multitarget sputtering system

- multitrack recording system

- multiuser system

- multivariable system

- Munsell system

- mutual broadcasting system

- national information processing system

- naval communications system

- navigation system

- near-eye system

- near instantaneous companding system

- nearest-neighbor classifier system

- negative reinforcement system

- neomorphic system

- NetWare management system

- network administration system

- network basic input/output system

- network computing system

- network control system

- network data base management system

- network file system

- network operating system

- neuro-fuzzy system

- new technology file system

- nodal switching system

- noise-reducing antenna system

- noise-reduction system

- non-attended system

- non-equilibrium system

- nonlinear system

- nonlinear feedback control system

- nonredundant system

- nonrepairable system

- nonstop system

- NT file system

- number system

- numeral system

- numerical control system

- object-oriented data base management system

- office information system

- off-line system

- OLCA system

- OLCD system

- omnidirectional speaker system

- on-demand system

- on-line system

- on-line circuit-analysis system

- on-line circuit-design system

- on-line computer system

- online fault-tolerant system

- on-line processing system

- on-off system

- on-off telegraph system

- open system

- open bus system

- open-loop system

- open-tube system

- operating system

- operation system

- operational support system

- operator services system

- optical communication system

- optical data-processing system

- optical detection and ranging system

- optical disk recording system

- optical-fiber transmission system

- optical-radar system

- optical recognition system

- optical tracking system

- optical TV communication system

- optimizing control system

- optoelectronic system

- organic system

- organizational decision support system

- orthorhombic crystal system

- p-system

- PA system

- packaged system

- packetized automatic routing integrated system

- packet-switched data transmission system

- pagemaster system

- pager-phone system

- paging system

- parallel-redundant system

- parallel software system

- parametric system

- partitioned-type memory-allocation system

- passive homing system

- passive tracking system

- pattern matching system

- pattern recognition system

- peak-holdings system

- peek-a-boo system

- peripheral-oriented microcomputer system

- personal call system

- personal computer system

- personal computer disk operating system

- personal data system

- personal handy-phone system

- personal locator system

- phased-array warning system

- phase-locked system

- phase-locked loop system

- Philips DNL system

- Philips dynamic noise-limiter system

- phonetic system

- phonocard system

- photoelectric-guidance system

- photographic projection system

- photomasking system

- photovoltaic power system

- picture coding system

- picture quality system

- pilot system

- plane parallel Fabry-Perot system

- plant automation communications system

- plasma-deposition system

- PLL system

- plug-in modular system

- portable life support system

- position control system

- positive reinforcement system

- power system

- predictive system

- predictive expert system

- priority system

- privacy system

- processing system

- production system

- production expert system

- production inventory control system

- program development system

- programmable system

- programmable airline reservation system

- projection cathode-ray tube system

- projection display system

- property management system

- pseudoquadraphony system

- pseudorandom coded system

- public-address system

- public-address reinforcement system

- public expert system

- public-key system

- public-key cryptographic system

- public telephone system

- pulsed Doppler system

- pulsed FM system

- pulse-modulation system

- QS matrix system

- quadraphonic sound system

- quadruple-diversity system

- quasi-linear feedback control system

- queuing system

- quick fax system

- RADA system

- radar augmentation system

- radar braking system

- radar cross-section instrumentation system

- radar guidance system

- radar identification system

- radar imaging system

- radio command system

- radiocommunication system

- radio data system

- radio-guidance system

- radio-inertial-guidance system

- radionavigation system

- radio-relay system

- radiosonde-radio-wind system

- random-access discrete-address system

- range rate tracking system

- range tracking system

- ranging system

- rapid-scan system

- rationalized system of equations

- readout system

- real-time system

- real-time data system

- real-time expert system

- real-time multi-platform UNIX operating system

- real-time operating system

- Rebecca-Eureka system

- receiver lockout system

- recognition system

- reconfigurable system

- recording system

- recursive system

- redundant system

- reel-to-reel tape transport system

- regulating system

- reinforcement system

- relational data base management system

- relay system

- reliability index system

- remote system

- remote concentrating system

- remote file system

- remote semiconcentrating system

- remote sensing system

- reorder point system

- reorder time system

- repairable system

- reproducing system

- rerecording system

- response-controlled reinforcement system

- restorable system

- restricted connected-speech recognition system

- retrieval system

- RF sputtering system

- RGB system

- rhombohedral crystal system

- rho-theta system

- right-handed system

- right-handed coordinate system

- robot system

- robotics system

- rod memory system

- rotating coordinate system

- rule-based expert system

- run-time system

- sampled-data system

- sampling system

- satellite business system

- satellite communications system

- satellite data transmission system

- satellite multiple-access communication system

- satellite radio system

- satellite-switched multiple-access system

- scanning-projection system

- schlieren system

- scientific expert system

- Scophony television system

- searchless identification system

- second generation wireless system

- secrecy system

- secret-key cryptographic system

- self-adaptive system

- self-adjusting system

- self-contained system

- self-guidance system

- self-organizing system

- self-organizing control system

- self-organizing multiple-access discrete-address system

- self-oscillatory system

- self-structuring system

- self-test system

- self-testing system

- selsyn system

- semiactive-homing system

- semiautomatic telephone system

- sequential software system

- serial copy management system

- serial copying management system

- service provisioning system

- servo system

- ship's inertial marine navigational system

- ship's self-contained navigation system

- short-range air navigation system

- short-range Doppler system

- SI system

- signaling system

- simultaneous system

- simultaneous TV system

- single-degree-of-freedom system

- single-input single-output system

- single-sideband system

- single-track magnetic system

- singular equation system

- SISO system

- SOC system

- socio-technical system

- soft system

- soft eject system

- software system

- solar system

- sound-recording system

- sound-reinforcement system

- sound-reproducing system

- space-communication system

- space detection and tracking system

- space-variant pattern-recognition system

- speaker system

- speaker-adaptive system

- speaker-dependent system

- speaker-independent system

- speaker-recognition system

- speaker verification system

- speech-enhancement system

- speech input/output system

- speech processing system

- speech-recognition system

- speech understanding system

- spin system

- spinodal system

- split-screen system

- split-speaker system

- spread-spectrum system

- SQ matrix system

- stand-alone system

- stand-alone expert system

- stand-alone graphics system

- standard electronics assembly system

- standby power system

- standing-wave system

- stand-off target acquisition system

- star system

- start-stop system

- static system

- static ripple imaging system

- stationary-wave system

- step-and-repeat system

- step-by-step system

- stereo microphone system

- stereo sound system

- sticks layout system

- stimulus-controlled reinforcement system

- stochastic system

- storage and retrieval system

- stored-program electronic-switching system

- strapping system

- Strowger system

- structured cabling system

- structured design system

- structured software system

- structured wiring system

- submarine-cable system

- subscriber carrier system

- super anti-modulation tape system

- superconductor energy-storage system

- super video home system

- supervisory control system

- switched access system

- symbol system

- symbolic system

- symbolic interactive design system

- symmetric cryptographic system

- synchro system

- synchronous data link control system

- tactical air navigation system

- tactical communication system

- talking Rebecca-Eureka system

- tape auto-stop system

- tape operating system

- tape-transport system

- TDM system

- telecine system

- telecommunication system

- telemetering system

- telemetry system

- telemetry data processing system

- telemetry information system

- telephone system

- telephone-answering system

- telephone intercommunication system

- telephone video system

- teleprocessing system

- Teleran system

- teletypewriter switching system

- television identification system

- television relay system

- tetragonal crystal system

- text system

- thermal imaging system

- third generation wireless system

- three-phase four-wire system

- three-way speaker system

- time-division multiplex system

- time-frequency collision avoidance system

- time-invariant system

- time reference system

- time-sharing system

- time-varying system

- total access communication system

- touch system

- tracking system

- traffic-alert and collision avoidance system

- traffic control and surveillance system

- traffic control signal system

- trainable system

- trajectory-measuring system

- transaction processing system

- transcontinental communication system

- transform adaptable-processing system

- transmission system

- transmitter-receiver system

- transputer system

- triclinic crystal system

- trigger-starting system

- trigonal crystal system

- triple interlace system

- triplex system

- troposcatter system

- tropospheric radio system

- trunk -system

- tse system

- turntable drive system

- turnkey system

- two-channel sound system

- two-coordinate scanning system

- two-field interlace system

- two-phase five-wire system

- two-phase four-wire system

- two-phase three-wire system

- two-turntable quick-start system

- two-way system

- type system

- UCSD p-system

- unattended system

- underdetermined system

- underwater viewing system

- ungrounded system

- uniplexed information and computing system

- uniprocessor system

- universal battery system

- universal mobile telecommunication system

- universal serial bus system

- unmanned system

- unrestorable system

- USB system

- value system

- variable-structure system

- V-beam system

- vehicle control system

- vehicular disk reproduction system

- very early warning system

- vibrating system

- video cassette recording system

- video editing system

- video-encoding system

- videofile television record storage system

- video home system

- Videotex system

- virtual key cryptographic system

- virtual memory system

- vision system

- visual communication system

- voice/data system

- voice-frequency telegraph system

- voice operating system

- voice recognition system

- voice-response system

- wafer imaging system

- waiting system

- wave-propagating system

- Web network file system

- wide area augmentation system

- wired broadcasting system

- Wollaston-prism digital light-deflector system

- word processing system

- word recognition system

- word-serial system

- writing system

- X-window system

- x-y-z coordinate system

- system Y-

- y-system

- YIQ system

- YUV system

- Δ-system

English-Russian electronics dictionary > system
7 network

1) сеть

а) локальная, региональная или глобальная вычислительная сеть

б) коммуникационная сеть; сеть связи (напр. телефонная)

в) сеть вещательных станций (напр. телевизионных)

г) нейронная сеть

д) замкнутая совокупность функционально однотипных организаций или предприятий

е) способ представления знаний в виде связного орграфа в системе искусственного интеллекта

ж) сетка

2) работать в сети; обмениваться информацией с помощью сети; использовать сеть или сети

3) создавать сеть или сети; покрывать сетью (напр. вещательных станций) определённую территорию

4) плести сеть или сетку; применять сеть или сетку; образовывать сеть или сетку

5) схема; цепь; контур

•

- networks ot general equivalence
- networks of limited equivalence
- network of microcomputer
- abstract semantic network
- active network
- activity network
- adaptive network
- adaptive resonance theory network
- additive Grossberg network
- advanced intelligent network

- advertiser network

- aeronautical fixed telecommunications network

- all-pass network
- aperiodic network
- ART network
- artificial mains network
- artificial neural network

- asynchronous network
- asynchronous neural network
- attached resource computer network

- attenuation network

- automatic digital network

- automatic voice network

- backbone network
- back propagation network
- back-up radio network
- balanced network
- balanced Feistel network
- balancing network
- BAM network
- banner network
- baseband network
- basic network
- Bayes network
- beam-forming network
- because it's time network

- Benetton network
- biconjugate network
- bidirectional associative memory network
- bilateral network
- biological neural network
- Boltzman machine neural network
- Boolean network
- brain-state-in-a-box network
- bridge network
- bridged-T network
- broadband communication network

- broadband integrated services digital network

- building-out network
- bus network
- butterfly network
- C-network
- cellular neural network
- cellular radio network
- channel-switching network
- chaotic neural network
- charge-routing network

- circuit-switched data network

- circuit-switched public data network
- circuit-switching network
- class A-network
- class B-network
- class C-network
- client-server network
- closed private network
- combinatorial network

- commercial network
- common-user network
- communications network
- company network
- compromise network
- computer network
- computer + science network

- concatenated network

- conferencing network
- connected network
- connectionist network
- connectionless network
- connection-oriented network
- constant-K network
- constant-M network
- continuous Hopfield network
- corrective network
- countable network
- counterpropagation network

- coupled-line network
- coupling network
- crossover network
- customer-access network
- data network
- data transmission network
- decoding network
- decoupling network
- dedicated network
- deemphasis network
- deep-space network
- delta network
- demand-assigned network
- dial-up network
- difference network
- differentiated network
- differentiating network
- digipeater network
- digital communication network
- digital satellite network
- digital switching network
- digital time-division network

- directed network
- discrete Hopfield network
- dislocation network
- dissymmetrical network
- distributed network
- distributed operating multi-access interactive-network
- distributed parameter network
- dividing network
- Doba's network
- dual network
- edge-dislocation network
- eight-pole network
- eight-terminal network
- electric network
- electronic space-division analog network

- elementary digital network

- equalizing network
- equivalent networks
- European academic and research network

- European Unix network

- exponential network
- extensional semantic network
- extensive network
- fast neural network

- FDNR network
- feedback network
- feedforward network
- Feistel network
- FIDO technology network

- firm network
- fixer network
- four-pole network
- four-terminal network
- fractal network
- frequency-dependent negative-resistance network
- fully connected network
- fully connected neural network
- full mesh network
- full meshed network
- fuzzy neural network
- generalized additive network
- general regression neural network

- global area network
- ground-station network
- ground-wave emergency network

- H-network
- Hamiltonian neural network
- Hamming's neural network
- Hebb network
- Hecht-Nielsen network
- Hecht-Nielsen neural network
- heterogeneous network
- heterogeneous neural network
- high-capacity network
- high energy physics network

- higher-order network
- higher-order neural network
- homogeneous network
- homogeneous neural network
- Hopfield's neural network
- Hopfield-Tank network
- Hopfield-Tank neural network
- hybrid network
- inductance network
- inductance-capacitance network
- inductance-resistance network
- industrial district network
- information network
- in-office network of links
- integrated broadband communication network

- integrated business network

- integrated digital network

- integrated enterprise network

- integrated services digital network

- integrating network

- intelligent network

- intelligent optical network

- intercom network
- Internet relay chat network
- inter-organizational network
- interstage network
- inverse networks
- IRC network
- irredundant network
- isolation network
- L-network
- ladder network
- LAN outer network

- land network
- lattice network
- lead network
- leased-line network
- linear network
- linear integrated network

- linear varying parameter network
- load-matching network
- local area network

- local computer network
- long-distance network
- long-haul network
- loop network
- loudspeaker dividing network
- lumped network
- lumped-constant network
- lumped-distributed network
- Kohonen network
- Kohonen self-organizing network
- Kosko network
- Kosko neural network
- learning vector quantization network
- LVQ network
- Markovian network
- matching network
- McCulloch-Pitts network
- merging network
- mesh network
- meshed network
- message-switched network
- metropolitan area network
- mid-level network
- minimum-phase network
- MPLS network
- multiaccess network
- multi-attractor network
- multidimensional network
- multidrop network
- multifractal network
- multiinput-multioutput network
- multilayer neuron network
- multiple-access network
- multiply-connected network
- multipoint network
- multiport network
- multiprotocol label switching network
- multiprotocol transport network

- multiservice network
- multistage switching network
- multistar network
- multistation network
- multisystem network
- multiterminal network
- multiterminal-pair network
- municipal area network
- national information network

- neural network
- neural network with local connections
- neural-like network
- nodal network
- nonlinear network
- nonplanar network
- nonreciprocal network
- nonuniformly distributed network
- notch network
- n-pole network
- n-port network
- n-terminal network
- n-terminal pair network
- O-network
- one-port network
- optical network
- optical fiber network
- optical neural network
- originating switching network
- packet commutation network
- packet data network

- packet radio network
- packet satellite network
- packet switch network
- packet switching network
- paging network
- parallel network
- parallel-T network
- parallel two-terminal pair networks
- partial mesh network
- partial meshed network
- passive network
- peaking network
- peer-to-peer network
- perceptron-type network
- percolation network
- personal communication network
- phase-advance network
- phase-shifting network
- phase-splitting network
- phasing network
- pi-network
- piece-linear network
- pilot wire controlled network
- planar network
- polarization matching network
- power distribution network
- preassigned network
- preemphasis network
- private network
- private-line intercity network
- probabilistic neural network

- projection pursuit network

- public data network

- public land mobile network

- public switched network

- public switched telephone network

- public telegraph network

- public telephone network

- pulse-forming network

- quadripole network
- quadrupole network
- quantum neural network

- queuing network
- radar network
- radio network
- radio access network
- radio intercom network
- radio-relay network
- rearrangeable network
- reciprocal network
- recognition network
- recurrent neural network
- regression neural network
- repeater network
- replicative neural network
- research network
- resistance-capacitance network
- resistive network
- resource-sharing computer-communication-network
- ring-switched computer network
- routing network
- satellite-earth stations network
- satellite tracking and data acquisition network

- screw-dislocation network
- second-order network
- selective network
- semantic network
- semiconductor network
- series network
- series-peaking network
- series-shunt network
- series-shunt peaking network
- shaping network
- short-haul network
- shuffle network
- shunt network
- shunt-peaking network
- signal-shaping network
- single-layer neural network
- singly terminated network
- small business network

- social network

- software defined network

- solid-state network
- sorting network
- speaker dividing network
- stabilization network
- star network
- statistical Hopfield's network
- statistical Hopfield's neural network
- steering network
- storage area network

- store-and-forward network
- strategic network
- structurally dual networks
- structurally symmetrical networks
- stub network
- summation network
- summing network
- support network
- switched network
- switched message network
- switched telecommunications network
- switching network
- synchronous network
- synchronous neural network
- synchronous optical network

- systolic network
- T-network
- tapered distribution network
- technologies support network
- telecommunication network
- telecommunications management network

- teletype network
- terminating switching network
- time delay neural network

- time-division analog network

- time-invariant network
- token bus network
- Token Ring network
- token ring network
- transit network
- transmission network
- transputer network
- tree network
- trimming resistive network

- trunk network
- trusted network
- twin-T network
- two-pole network
- two-port network
- two-terminal network
- two-terminal-pair network
- unbalanced Feistel network
- undersea network
- uniformly distributed network
- unilateral network
- universal network
- untrained neural network
- user network

- value-added network

- virtual private network

- weighting network

- wide area network

- wireless intelligent network

- wireless local area network

- wireless wide area network

- work station network
- world-wide communication network
- WS network
- X-network
- Y-network
- π-network

English-Russian electronics dictionary > network
8 network

1) сеть

а) локальная, региональная или глобальная вычислительная сеть

б) коммуникационная сеть; сеть связи (напр. телефонная)

в) сеть вещательных станций (напр. телевизионных)

г) нейронная сеть

д) замкнутая совокупность функционально однотипных организаций или предприятий

е) способ представления знаний в виде связного орграфа в системе искусственного интеллекта

ж) сетка

2) работать в сети; обмениваться информацией с помощью сети; использовать сеть или сети

3) создавать сеть или сети; покрывать сетью (напр. вещательных станций) определённую территорию

4) плести сеть или сетку; применять сеть или сетку; образовывать сеть или сетку

5) схема; цепь; контур

•

- π-network
- abstract semantic network
- active network
- activity network
- adaptive network
- adaptive resonance theory network
- additive Grossberg network
- advanced intelligent network
- advertiser network
- aeronautical fixed telecommunications network
- all-pass network
- aperiodic network
- ART network
- artificial mains network
- artificial neural network
- asynchronous network
- asynchronous neural network
- attached resource computer network
- attenuation network
- automatic digital network
- automatic voice network
- back propagation network
- backbone network
- back-up radio network
- balanced Feistel network
- balanced network
- balancing network
- BAM network
- banner network
- baseband network
- basic network
- Bayes network
- beam-forming network
- because it's time network
- Benetton network
- biconjugate network
- bidirectional associative memory network
- bilateral network
- biological neural network
- Boltzman machine neural network
- Boolean network
- brain-state-in-a-box network
- bridge network
- bridged-T network
- broadband communication network
- broadband integrated services digital network
- building-out network
- bus network
- butterfly network
- C network
- cellular neural network
- cellular radio network
- channel-switching network
- chaotic neural network
- charge-routing network
- circuit-switched data network
- circuit-switched public data network
- circuit-switching network
- class A network
- class B network
- class C network
- client-server network
- closed private network
- combinatorial network
- commercial network
- common-user network
- communications network
- company network
- compromise network
- computer + science network
- computer network
- concatenated network
- conferencing network
- connected network
- connectionist network
- connectionless network
- connection-oriented network
- constant-K network
- constant-M network
- continuous Hopfield network
- corrective network
- countable network
- counterpropagation network
- coupled-line network
- coupling network
- crossover network
- customer-access network
- data network
- data transmission network
- decoding network
- decoupling network
- dedicated network
- deemphasis network
- deep-space network
- delta network
- demand-assigned network
- dial-up network
- difference network
- differentiated network
- differentiating network
- digipeater network
- digital communication network
- digital satellite network
- digital switching network
- digital time-division network
- directed network
- discrete Hopfield network
- dislocation network
- dissymmetrical network
- distributed network
- distributed operating multi-access interactive network
- distributed parameter network
- dividing network
- Doba's network
- dual network
- edge-dislocation network
- eight-pole network
- eight-terminal network
- electric network
- electronic space-division analog network
- elementary digital network
- equalizing network
- equivalent networks
- European academic and research network
- European Unix network
- exponential network
- extensional semantic network
- extensive network
- fast neural network
- FDNR network
- feedback network
- feedforward network
- Feistel network
- FIDO technology network
- firm network
- fixer network
- four-pole network
- four-terminal network
- fractal network
- frequency-dependent negative-resistance network
- full mesh network
- full meshed network
- fully connected network
- fully connected neural network
- fuzzy neural network
- general regression neural network
- generalized additive network
- global area network
- ground-station network
- ground-wave emergency network
- H network
- Hamiltonian neural network
- Hamming's neural network
- Hebb network
- Hecht-Nielsen network
- Hecht-Nielsen neural network
- heterogeneous network
- heterogeneous neural network
- high energy physics network
- high-capacity network
- higher-order network
- higher-order neural network
- homogeneous network
- homogeneous neural network
- Hopfield's neural network
- Hopfield-Tank network
- Hopfield-Tank neural network
- hybrid network
- inductance network
- inductance-capacitance network
- inductance-resistance network
- industrial district network
- information network
- in-office network of links
- integrated broadband communication network
- integrated business network
- integrated digital network
- integrated enterprise network
- integrated services digital network
- integrating network
- intelligent network
- intelligent optical network
- intercom network
- Internet relay chat network
- inter-organizational network
- interstage network
- inverse networks
- IRC network
- irredundant network
- isolation network
- Kohonen network
- Kohonen self-organizing network
- Kosko network
- Kosko neural network
- L network
- ladder network
- LAN outer network
- land network
- lattice network
- lead network
- learning vector quantization network
- leased-line network
- linear integrated network
- linear network
- linear varying parameter network
- load-matching network
- local area network
- local computer network
- long-distance network
- long-haul network
- loop network
- loudspeaker dividing network
- lumped network
- lumped-constant network
- lumped-distributed network
- LVQ network
- Markovian network
- matching network
- McCulloch-Pitts network
- merging network
- mesh network
- meshed network
- message-switched network
- metropolitan area network
- mid-level network
- minimum-phase network
- MPLS network
- multiaccess network
- multi-attractor network
- multidimensional network
- multidrop network
- multifractal network
- multiinput-multioutput network
- multilayer neuron network
- multiple-access network
- multiply-connected network
- multipoint network
- multiport network
- multiprotocol label switching network
- multiprotocol transport network
- multiservice network
- multistage switching network
- multistar network
- multistation network
- multisystem network
- multiterminal network
- multiterminal-pair network
- municipal area network
- national information network
- network of microcomputer
- networks of limited equivalence
- networks ot general equivalence
- neural network with local connections
- neural network
- neural-like network
- nodal network
- nonlinear network
- nonplanar network
- nonreciprocal network
- nonuniformly distributed network
- notch network
- n-pole network
- n-port network
- n-terminal network
- n-terminal pair network
- one-port network
- O-network
- optical fiber network
- optical network
- optical neural network
- originating switching network
- packet commutation network
- packet data network
- packet radio network
- packet satellite network
- packet switch network
- packet switching network
- paging network
- parallel network
- parallel two-terminal pair networks
- parallel-T network
- partial mesh network
- partial meshed network
- passive network
- peaking network
- peer-to-peer network
- perceptron-type network
- percolation network
- personal communication network
- phase-advance network
- phase-shifting network
- phase-splitting network
- phasing network
- piece-linear network
- pilot wire controlled network
- pi-network
- planar network
- polarization matching network
- power distribution network
- preassigned network
- preemphasis network
- private network
- private-line intercity network
- probabilistic neural network
- projection pursuit network
- public data network
- public land mobile network
- public switched network
- public switched telephone network
- public telegraph network
- public telephone network
- pulse-forming network
- quadripole network
- quadrupole network
- quantum neural network
- queuing network
- radar network
- radio access network
- radio intercom network
- radio network
- radio-relay network
- rearrangeable network
- reciprocal network
- recognition network
- recurrent neural network
- regression neural network
- repeater network
- replicative neural network
- research network
- resistance-capacitance network
- resistive network
- resource-sharing computer-communication network
- ring-switched computer network
- routing network
- satellite tracking and data acquisition network
- satellite-earth stations network
- screw-dislocation network
- second-order network
- selective network
- semantic network
- semiconductor network
- series network
- series-peaking network
- series-shunt network
- series-shunt peaking network
- shaping network
- short-haul network
- shuffle network
- shunt network
- shunt-peaking network
- signal-shaping network
- single-layer neural network
- singly terminated network
- small business network
- social network
- software defined network
- solid-state network
- sorting network
- speaker dividing network
- stabilization network
- star network
- statistical Hopfield's network
- statistical Hopfield's neural network
- steering network
- storage area network
- store-and-forward network
- strategic network
- structurally dual networks
- structurally symmetrical networks
- stub network
- summation network
- summing network
- support network
- switched message network
- switched network
- switched telecommunications network
- switching network
- synchronous network
- synchronous neural network
- synchronous optical network
- systolic network
- tapered distribution network
- technologies support network
- telecommunication network
- telecommunications management network
- teletype network
- terminating switching network
- time delay neural network
- time-division analog network
- time-invariant network
- T-network
- token bus network
- Token Ring network
- token ring network
- transit network
- transmission network
- transputer network
- tree network
- trimming resistive network
- trunk network
- trusted network
- twin-T network
- two-pole network
- two-port network
- two-terminal network
- two-terminal-pair network
- unbalanced Feistel network
- undersea network
- uniformly distributed network
- unilateral network
- universal network
- untrained neural network
- user network
- value-added network
- virtual private network
- weighting network
- wide area network
- wireless intelligent network
- wireless local area network
- wireless wide area network
- work station network
- world-wide communication network
- WS network
- X-network
- Y-network

The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > network
9 AS

1) Общая лексика: англосаксонский

2) Компьютерная техника: Activity Start, Amateur Satellite

3) Биология: ammoniacal silver

4) Авиация: accomplishment summary, aerospatiale, auto stabilization

5) Медицина: aortic stenosis (стеноз аортального клапана)

6) Латинский язык: Anno Societatis

7) Военный термин: Aerial Surveillance, Air Service, Air Staff, Air Surveillance, Armed Services, Armed Services Committee, Army Security, Army Staff, Assault Shotgun, FAADC2I Simplified Handheld Terminal Unit, admiral superintendent, aerospace studies, air speed, air station, air superiority, air support, air-to-surface, ammunition storage, ammunition store, angle of sight, antenna site, apprentice seaman, area surveillance, arm of service, armament supplies, armor school, armored shop, army surplus, arsenal section, assistant secretary, atomic strike, automatic switching, Access System (JOPES)

8) Техника: Automatically Switching, acquisition sensor, action statement, adaptive system, aerial shot, air glow spectrum, air supply, air-seasoned, alto-stratus, ampere-second, angle shot, anisotropic semiconductor, antenna systems, antisubmarine search, arithmetically symmetrical, asdic search, astronomical spectroscopy, atmosphere and space, audio sensitivity, auto sequential, automatic search, Австралийский стандарт (Australian Standard)

9) Сельское хозяйство: astigmatic

10) Шутливое выражение: After Sperry

11) Химия: Ammonium Sulphate

12) Математика: почти наверное (almost sure)

13) Юридический термин: Alaska Statute, Alaska Statutes

14) Коммерция: anticipated sales

15) Экономика: aggregate supply

16) Грубое выражение: Absolutely Stupid

17) Оптика: angular sensitivity

18) Политика: Australia

19) Телекоммуникации: Autonomous System, Application System (SNA, APPN)

20) Сокращение: Acquisition Strategy, Advanced Sensors, Aeronautical Standard, Air Search, Aircraft Standard, Aircraft Survivability, Airlift Squadron, Anglo-Saxon, Anti-Spoofing, Anti-Submarine, Assamese, Australia (NATO country code), Automatic Sprinkler, Submarine Tender (USA), airscoop, airspeed, ammeter switch, antisubmarine, artificial satellite, Academy of Science, aortic stenosis, (USN Rating) Aviation Support Equipment Technician, ATM Switch, Aanstaande, Abandon Ship, Ablaufsprache (German: Sequential Function Chart), Abstract Syntax, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), Access Stratum (3GPP), Access System, Acquisition/Application System, Acrylonitrile Styrene, Action Script (scripting language used in flash, similar to Java), Activesync (Microsoft software), Activity Start (ITU-T), Acute Sinusitis, Adam Sandler (actor), Additional Shift (used on overtime forms), Additive Solution (preservative to extend life of red blood cells), Address Strobe, Administrative Simplification, Administrative Site, Administrative Support, Administrative System (Bellcore), Adopted Son, Adult Situations, Adult Swim (Cartoon Network programming block), Advanced Schottky, Advanced Server (Microsoft Windows), Advanced Subsidiary level (UK), Advanced Switching, Aeronautical Science (Flight Major), Aerospace Corporation, Aerospace Society, Aerospace Standards, Aes Sedai (Wheel of Time book series), Aft Shroud, After-Sales Service, AfterStep (Window Manager for X), Agency Services, Agent Society (International Society on Intelligent Agent Technologies), Aggregate Subbase (construction), Aggregate Supply (economics), Aggressor Squadron, Agrarian System, Air Sampling (station), Air Sealed, Air Seasoned Timber, Airfield Services, Aksje Selskap (Norwegian: Limited Company), Alarm Surveillance, Alaska Airlines, Inc., Alaska (IATA airline code), Alessandro Scarlatti (classical composer), Alignment Signal (ITU-T), Alka-Seltzer, All Source, All Star (sports), All Stars (Disney resort), Allowance Standard, Alpha Smart (electronic keyboard), Alto Saxophone, Altostratus (cloud formation), American Samoa (US postal abbreviation), American Singles, Amino Salicylic Acid, Ammunition Specialist, Ampere Sensor, Ampere Switch, Anaerobic Seeder, Anakin Skywalker (Star Wars Character), Anal Seepage, Analog Switch, Analysis Subsystem, Anatolian Studies, Ancillary Services, Angel Sanctuary (Manga), Angelman Syndrome, Angle Slam (wrestling finishing move), Angled Single, Ankylosing Spondylitis (chronic inflammatory form of arthritis affecting the spine), Anno Satanas, Annual Summary, Anonim Sirketi (Turkish: Joint Stock Company), Anonymous Sender, Another Subject, Answer Supervision, Anti Static, Anti Surge (type of electric fuse), Anti Sweat, Anti-Scintillation, Anti-Social, Antichrist Superstar (Marilyn Manson album), Aperture Stop, AppleScript, AppleShare, Applicability Statement, Application Software (NEC), Application System, Applied Science, Approaches Standards (school grading system), Aqueous Solution, Archive Server, Area Security, Area Source, Area Supervisor (FAA ARTCC Area Supervisor 1 or more Sector Suites), Arme'e du Salut (Salvation Army), Arnold Schwarzenegger (body builder, actor, politician), Arsenal Ship, Articulation Score, Artificial Stupidity, As Stated, Asbestos Survey, Ascent Stage, Asian Sensation, Asperger Syndrome (Asperger's Disorder), Aspheric Subassembly, Assassin/Assassination, Assault Support, Assault at Selonia (Star Wars novel), Assigned (Telabs), Assistant Referee (Soccer), Associate in Science, Associate of Science, Associated Students, Associated Support, Associazione Sportiva (Italian: sports club), Athletics (Oakland baseball team), Attachment Sheet, Audioslave (band), Auger Spectroscopy, Auris Sinister (Latin: Left Ear), Austin Servers (online gaming community), Australia (including Ashmore, Cartier & Coral Sea Islands), Australian Shepherd (dog breed), Australian Standard, Authentication Server, Authentication Service, Author Space (webcomic), Authorization Subsystem, Automation Specialist, Autonomous System (ATM), Autosavants.com (car enthusiasts), Auxiliary Steam, Auxiliary Submarine, Aviation Safety, Complex Antenna, Submarine Tender, Wait (logging abbreviation), analog secure (US DoD), aviation ship (US DoD), active substance

21) Физиология: Anal sphincter, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Arteriosclerosis, Auris Sinistra (left Ear)

22) Вычислительная техника: Architectural Simulator, add-subtract, automated software distribution, Authentication Service (DCE), Autonomous System (IP, Internet, RFC 1930), Advanced Server (MS, Windows, NT), (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) Advanced Server (RedHat, Linux), архитектурный имитатор

23) Нефть: absorption spectroscopy, after shot, anhydrite stringer, после перфорирования, после торпедирования (after shot), пропласток ангидрита (anhydrite seam), Array Sonic

24) Связь: Access Switch / Access Server

25) Банковское дело: по предъявлении (after sight)

26) Деловая лексика: Allocation Status, после предъявления (after sight), отчёт о продаже товара (account sales)

27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: amine sewer (system), (LSS) array sonic (long-spaced sonic), (LSS) многозондовый акустический каротаж (с большим радиусом исследования), (WFT) array sonic (full waveform tool)

28) Образование: American Standard Code for Safety Glazing Materials

29) Инвестиции: after sight

30) Сетевые технологии: Add Subnet, Appliance Server, Application Server, сервер приложений, (autonomus system) АС (автономная система) (объединение сетей с одинаковой маршрутизационной политикой и общей администрацией; состоит из одной или нескольких систем), (autonomus system) автономная система (АС)

31) Полимеры: American standard

32) Программирование: Add Sideways

33) Автоматика: Automation System (система автоматизации)

34) Контроль качества: aerospace standard

35) Макаров: active space, активные пространства, (active space) активное пространство

36) Золотодобыча: Alex Stewart Assayers, компания Alex Stewart Assayers (AS)

37) Расширение файла: Autonomous System (Internet)

38) Электротехника: amperemeter switch

39) США: American Samoa

40) Программное обеспечение: Advanced Solutions

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > AS
10 As

1) Общая лексика: англосаксонский

2) Компьютерная техника: Activity Start, Amateur Satellite

3) Биология: ammoniacal silver

4) Авиация: accomplishment summary, aerospatiale, auto stabilization

5) Медицина: aortic stenosis (стеноз аортального клапана)

6) Латинский язык: Anno Societatis

7) Военный термин: Aerial Surveillance, Air Service, Air Staff, Air Surveillance, Armed Services, Armed Services Committee, Army Security, Army Staff, Assault Shotgun, FAADC2I Simplified Handheld Terminal Unit, admiral superintendent, aerospace studies, air speed, air station, air superiority, air support, air-to-surface, ammunition storage, ammunition store, angle of sight, antenna site, apprentice seaman, area surveillance, arm of service, armament supplies, armor school, armored shop, army surplus, arsenal section, assistant secretary, atomic strike, automatic switching, Access System (JOPES)

8) Техника: Automatically Switching, acquisition sensor, action statement, adaptive system, aerial shot, air glow spectrum, air supply, air-seasoned, alto-stratus, ampere-second, angle shot, anisotropic semiconductor, antenna systems, antisubmarine search, arithmetically symmetrical, asdic search, astronomical spectroscopy, atmosphere and space, audio sensitivity, auto sequential, automatic search, Австралийский стандарт (Australian Standard)

9) Сельское хозяйство: astigmatic

10) Шутливое выражение: After Sperry

11) Химия: Ammonium Sulphate

12) Математика: почти наверное (almost sure)

13) Юридический термин: Alaska Statute, Alaska Statutes

14) Коммерция: anticipated sales

15) Экономика: aggregate supply

16) Грубое выражение: Absolutely Stupid

17) Оптика: angular sensitivity

18) Политика: Australia

19) Телекоммуникации: Autonomous System, Application System (SNA, APPN)

20) Сокращение: Acquisition Strategy, Advanced Sensors, Aeronautical Standard, Air Search, Aircraft Standard, Aircraft Survivability, Airlift Squadron, Anglo-Saxon, Anti-Spoofing, Anti-Submarine, Assamese, Australia (NATO country code), Automatic Sprinkler, Submarine Tender (USA), airscoop, airspeed, ammeter switch, antisubmarine, artificial satellite, Academy of Science, aortic stenosis, (USN Rating) Aviation Support Equipment Technician, ATM Switch, Aanstaande, Abandon Ship, Ablaufsprache (German: Sequential Function Chart), Abstract Syntax, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), Access Stratum (3GPP), Access System, Acquisition/Application System, Acrylonitrile Styrene, Action Script (scripting language used in flash, similar to Java), Activesync (Microsoft software), Activity Start (ITU-T), Acute Sinusitis, Adam Sandler (actor), Additional Shift (used on overtime forms), Additive Solution (preservative to extend life of red blood cells), Address Strobe, Administrative Simplification, Administrative Site, Administrative Support, Administrative System (Bellcore), Adopted Son, Adult Situations, Adult Swim (Cartoon Network programming block), Advanced Schottky, Advanced Server (Microsoft Windows), Advanced Subsidiary level (UK), Advanced Switching, Aeronautical Science (Flight Major), Aerospace Corporation, Aerospace Society, Aerospace Standards, Aes Sedai (Wheel of Time book series), Aft Shroud, After-Sales Service, AfterStep (Window Manager for X), Agency Services, Agent Society (International Society on Intelligent Agent Technologies), Aggregate Subbase (construction), Aggregate Supply (economics), Aggressor Squadron, Agrarian System, Air Sampling (station), Air Sealed, Air Seasoned Timber, Airfield Services, Aksje Selskap (Norwegian: Limited Company), Alarm Surveillance, Alaska Airlines, Inc., Alaska (IATA airline code), Alessandro Scarlatti (classical composer), Alignment Signal (ITU-T), Alka-Seltzer, All Source, All Star (sports), All Stars (Disney resort), Allowance Standard, Alpha Smart (electronic keyboard), Alto Saxophone, Altostratus (cloud formation), American Samoa (US postal abbreviation), American Singles, Amino Salicylic Acid, Ammunition Specialist, Ampere Sensor, Ampere Switch, Anaerobic Seeder, Anakin Skywalker (Star Wars Character), Anal Seepage, Analog Switch, Analysis Subsystem, Anatolian Studies, Ancillary Services, Angel Sanctuary (Manga), Angelman Syndrome, Angle Slam (wrestling finishing move), Angled Single, Ankylosing Spondylitis (chronic inflammatory form of arthritis affecting the spine), Anno Satanas, Annual Summary, Anonim Sirketi (Turkish: Joint Stock Company), Anonymous Sender, Another Subject, Answer Supervision, Anti Static, Anti Surge (type of electric fuse), Anti Sweat, Anti-Scintillation, Anti-Social, Antichrist Superstar (Marilyn Manson album), Aperture Stop, AppleScript, AppleShare, Applicability Statement, Application Software (NEC), Application System, Applied Science, Approaches Standards (school grading system), Aqueous Solution, Archive Server, Area Security, Area Source, Area Supervisor (FAA ARTCC Area Supervisor 1 or more Sector Suites), Arme'e du Salut (Salvation Army), Arnold Schwarzenegger (body builder, actor, politician), Arsenal Ship, Articulation Score, Artificial Stupidity, As Stated, Asbestos Survey, Ascent Stage, Asian Sensation, Asperger Syndrome (Asperger's Disorder), Aspheric Subassembly, Assassin/Assassination, Assault Support, Assault at Selonia (Star Wars novel), Assigned (Telabs), Assistant Referee (Soccer), Associate in Science, Associate of Science, Associated Students, Associated Support, Associazione Sportiva (Italian: sports club), Athletics (Oakland baseball team), Attachment Sheet, Audioslave (band), Auger Spectroscopy, Auris Sinister (Latin: Left Ear), Austin Servers (online gaming community), Australia (including Ashmore, Cartier & Coral Sea Islands), Australian Shepherd (dog breed), Australian Standard, Authentication Server, Authentication Service, Author Space (webcomic), Authorization Subsystem, Automation Specialist, Autonomous System (ATM), Autosavants.com (car enthusiasts), Auxiliary Steam, Auxiliary Submarine, Aviation Safety, Complex Antenna, Submarine Tender, Wait (logging abbreviation), analog secure (US DoD), aviation ship (US DoD), active substance

21) Физиология: Anal sphincter, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Arteriosclerosis, Auris Sinistra (left Ear)

22) Вычислительная техника: Architectural Simulator, add-subtract, automated software distribution, Authentication Service (DCE), Autonomous System (IP, Internet, RFC 1930), Advanced Server (MS, Windows, NT), (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) Advanced Server (RedHat, Linux), архитектурный имитатор

23) Нефть: absorption spectroscopy, after shot, anhydrite stringer, после перфорирования, после торпедирования (after shot), пропласток ангидрита (anhydrite seam), Array Sonic

24) Связь: Access Switch / Access Server

25) Банковское дело: по предъявлении (after sight)

26) Деловая лексика: Allocation Status, после предъявления (after sight), отчёт о продаже товара (account sales)

27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: amine sewer (system), (LSS) array sonic (long-spaced sonic), (LSS) многозондовый акустический каротаж (с большим радиусом исследования), (WFT) array sonic (full waveform tool)

28) Образование: American Standard Code for Safety Glazing Materials

29) Инвестиции: after sight

30) Сетевые технологии: Add Subnet, Appliance Server, Application Server, сервер приложений, (autonomus system) АС (автономная система) (объединение сетей с одинаковой маршрутизационной политикой и общей администрацией; состоит из одной или нескольких систем), (autonomus system) автономная система (АС)

31) Полимеры: American standard

32) Программирование: Add Sideways

33) Автоматика: Automation System (система автоматизации)

34) Контроль качества: aerospace standard

35) Макаров: active space, активные пространства, (active space) активное пространство

36) Золотодобыча: Alex Stewart Assayers, компания Alex Stewart Assayers (AS)

37) Расширение файла: Autonomous System (Internet)

38) Электротехника: amperemeter switch

39) США: American Samoa

40) Программное обеспечение: Advanced Solutions

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > As
11 as

1) Общая лексика: англосаксонский

2) Компьютерная техника: Activity Start, Amateur Satellite

3) Биология: ammoniacal silver

4) Авиация: accomplishment summary, aerospatiale, auto stabilization

5) Медицина: aortic stenosis (стеноз аортального клапана)

6) Латинский язык: Anno Societatis

7) Военный термин: Aerial Surveillance, Air Service, Air Staff, Air Surveillance, Armed Services, Armed Services Committee, Army Security, Army Staff, Assault Shotgun, FAADC2I Simplified Handheld Terminal Unit, admiral superintendent, aerospace studies, air speed, air station, air superiority, air support, air-to-surface, ammunition storage, ammunition store, angle of sight, antenna site, apprentice seaman, area surveillance, arm of service, armament supplies, armor school, armored shop, army surplus, arsenal section, assistant secretary, atomic strike, automatic switching, Access System (JOPES)

8) Техника: Automatically Switching, acquisition sensor, action statement, adaptive system, aerial shot, air glow spectrum, air supply, air-seasoned, alto-stratus, ampere-second, angle shot, anisotropic semiconductor, antenna systems, antisubmarine search, arithmetically symmetrical, asdic search, astronomical spectroscopy, atmosphere and space, audio sensitivity, auto sequential, automatic search, Австралийский стандарт (Australian Standard)

9) Сельское хозяйство: astigmatic

10) Шутливое выражение: After Sperry

11) Химия: Ammonium Sulphate

12) Математика: почти наверное (almost sure)

13) Юридический термин: Alaska Statute, Alaska Statutes

14) Коммерция: anticipated sales

15) Экономика: aggregate supply

16) Грубое выражение: Absolutely Stupid

17) Оптика: angular sensitivity

18) Политика: Australia

19) Телекоммуникации: Autonomous System, Application System (SNA, APPN)

20) Сокращение: Acquisition Strategy, Advanced Sensors, Aeronautical Standard, Air Search, Aircraft Standard, Aircraft Survivability, Airlift Squadron, Anglo-Saxon, Anti-Spoofing, Anti-Submarine, Assamese, Australia (NATO country code), Automatic Sprinkler, Submarine Tender (USA), airscoop, airspeed, ammeter switch, antisubmarine, artificial satellite, Academy of Science, aortic stenosis, (USN Rating) Aviation Support Equipment Technician, ATM Switch, Aanstaande, Abandon Ship, Ablaufsprache (German: Sequential Function Chart), Abstract Syntax, Academia Sinica (Taiwan), Access Stratum (3GPP), Access System, Acquisition/Application System, Acrylonitrile Styrene, Action Script (scripting language used in flash, similar to Java), Activesync (Microsoft software), Activity Start (ITU-T), Acute Sinusitis, Adam Sandler (actor), Additional Shift (used on overtime forms), Additive Solution (preservative to extend life of red blood cells), Address Strobe, Administrative Simplification, Administrative Site, Administrative Support, Administrative System (Bellcore), Adopted Son, Adult Situations, Adult Swim (Cartoon Network programming block), Advanced Schottky, Advanced Server (Microsoft Windows), Advanced Subsidiary level (UK), Advanced Switching, Aeronautical Science (Flight Major), Aerospace Corporation, Aerospace Society, Aerospace Standards, Aes Sedai (Wheel of Time book series), Aft Shroud, After-Sales Service, AfterStep (Window Manager for X), Agency Services, Agent Society (International Society on Intelligent Agent Technologies), Aggregate Subbase (construction), Aggregate Supply (economics), Aggressor Squadron, Agrarian System, Air Sampling (station), Air Sealed, Air Seasoned Timber, Airfield Services, Aksje Selskap (Norwegian: Limited Company), Alarm Surveillance, Alaska Airlines, Inc., Alaska (IATA airline code), Alessandro Scarlatti (classical composer), Alignment Signal (ITU-T), Alka-Seltzer, All Source, All Star (sports), All Stars (Disney resort), Allowance Standard, Alpha Smart (electronic keyboard), Alto Saxophone, Altostratus (cloud formation), American Samoa (US postal abbreviation), American Singles, Amino Salicylic Acid, Ammunition Specialist, Ampere Sensor, Ampere Switch, Anaerobic Seeder, Anakin Skywalker (Star Wars Character), Anal Seepage, Analog Switch, Analysis Subsystem, Anatolian Studies, Ancillary Services, Angel Sanctuary (Manga), Angelman Syndrome, Angle Slam (wrestling finishing move), Angled Single, Ankylosing Spondylitis (chronic inflammatory form of arthritis affecting the spine), Anno Satanas, Annual Summary, Anonim Sirketi (Turkish: Joint Stock Company), Anonymous Sender, Another Subject, Answer Supervision, Anti Static, Anti Surge (type of electric fuse), Anti Sweat, Anti-Scintillation, Anti-Social, Antichrist Superstar (Marilyn Manson album), Aperture Stop, AppleScript, AppleShare, Applicability Statement, Application Software (NEC), Application System, Applied Science, Approaches Standards (school grading system), Aqueous Solution, Archive Server, Area Security, Area Source, Area Supervisor (FAA ARTCC Area Supervisor 1 or more Sector Suites), Arme'e du Salut (Salvation Army), Arnold Schwarzenegger (body builder, actor, politician), Arsenal Ship, Articulation Score, Artificial Stupidity, As Stated, Asbestos Survey, Ascent Stage, Asian Sensation, Asperger Syndrome (Asperger's Disorder), Aspheric Subassembly, Assassin/Assassination, Assault Support, Assault at Selonia (Star Wars novel), Assigned (Telabs), Assistant Referee (Soccer), Associate in Science, Associate of Science, Associated Students, Associated Support, Associazione Sportiva (Italian: sports club), Athletics (Oakland baseball team), Attachment Sheet, Audioslave (band), Auger Spectroscopy, Auris Sinister (Latin: Left Ear), Austin Servers (online gaming community), Australia (including Ashmore, Cartier & Coral Sea Islands), Australian Shepherd (dog breed), Australian Standard, Authentication Server, Authentication Service, Author Space (webcomic), Authorization Subsystem, Automation Specialist, Autonomous System (ATM), Autosavants.com (car enthusiasts), Auxiliary Steam, Auxiliary Submarine, Aviation Safety, Complex Antenna, Submarine Tender, Wait (logging abbreviation), analog secure (US DoD), aviation ship (US DoD), active substance

21) Физиология: Anal sphincter, Ankylosing Spondylitis, Arteriosclerosis, Auris Sinistra (left Ear)

22) Вычислительная техника: Architectural Simulator, add-subtract, automated software distribution, Authentication Service (DCE), Autonomous System (IP, Internet, RFC 1930), Advanced Server (MS, Windows, NT), (Red Hat Enterprise Linux) Advanced Server (RedHat, Linux), архитектурный имитатор

23) Нефть: absorption spectroscopy, after shot, anhydrite stringer, после перфорирования, после торпедирования (after shot), пропласток ангидрита (anhydrite seam), Array Sonic

24) Связь: Access Switch / Access Server

25) Банковское дело: по предъявлении (after sight)

26) Деловая лексика: Allocation Status, после предъявления (after sight), отчёт о продаже товара (account sales)

27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: amine sewer (system), (LSS) array sonic (long-spaced sonic), (LSS) многозондовый акустический каротаж (с большим радиусом исследования), (WFT) array sonic (full waveform tool)

28) Образование: American Standard Code for Safety Glazing Materials

29) Инвестиции: after sight

30) Сетевые технологии: Add Subnet, Appliance Server, Application Server, сервер приложений, (autonomus system) АС (автономная система) (объединение сетей с одинаковой маршрутизационной политикой и общей администрацией; состоит из одной или нескольких систем), (autonomus system) автономная система (АС)

31) Полимеры: American standard

32) Программирование: Add Sideways

33) Автоматика: Automation System (система автоматизации)

34) Контроль качества: aerospace standard

35) Макаров: active space, активные пространства, (active space) активное пространство

36) Золотодобыча: Alex Stewart Assayers, компания Alex Stewart Assayers (AS)

37) Расширение файла: Autonomous System (Internet)

38) Электротехника: amperemeter switch

39) США: American Samoa

40) Программное обеспечение: Advanced Solutions

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > as
12 flow-through shares

фин. проточные акции* Details of the Flow-Through Shares (FTSs) and Flow-Through Warrants (FTWs) Subscribed.

http:www.greaterkwchamber.com/market_watch_flowthru_Jun04.shtml

Flow-Through shares are one of the few remaining tax-assisted investment vehicles available to investors in Canada. Flow-Through Limited Partnerships are tax-advantaged vehicles designed to invest in a portfolio of flow-through shares, usually issued by resource-based companies. Since the introduction of the tax system in 1954, the Canadian government has been working on additional ways to encourage exploration and development in the resource sector. In the 1993 Federal budget, the government allowed certain investors to deduct exploration expenses against income. Since that time there has been a dramatic increase in exploration activity.

Flow-through shares do not exist to circumvent any tax rules or to take advantage of any loopholes in the Tax Act. These flow-through shares benefit from certain provisions within the Tax Act that were explicitly created by government, as mentioned above.

There are actually three advantages created by flow-through shares, with respect to taxation. The primary benefit of flow-through share investing is the ability of the investment to convert income, in the current year, into capital gains in future years. With the preferential tax treatment of capital gains over income, there is an immediate benefit to the investor. The second is that a tax deferral is created.

It is assumed, unless in a highly inflationary environment, that if one can defer the payment of taxes to a later date, that individual has gained a definite advantage. The third advantage created is through tax efficiency. The purchase and subsequent tax credit creates an ACB or adjusted cost base of zero. This is part of the first advantage, whereby income is converted into capital gains. However, there is an added advantage with this conversion. It allows an individual to benefit from capital losses, those losses that have accumulated from past investments in non-registered accounts, by creating capital gains that can be partially or fully offset by those losses.

In evaluating tax shelters, it is important to evaluate the tax shelter in the same way as a non-tax shelter investment. That is to say legal and accounting advisers should be consulted and the investment should be examined from a business risk and return point of view. For example, with a real estate investment, the real estate market in the target area should be examined. It may not make a lot of sense to acquire real estate, even if tax sheltered, in a market which is declining.

Англо-русский экономический словарь > flow-through shares

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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time-limited activity

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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time-limited activity

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